青田茶館 Tea Room

開放時間：13:00~18:00 週一公休 18:00~21:00(預約參觀)
Opening Time: 13:00~18:00 (excep. Mon) 18:00~21:00 (booking required)
地址：106台北市大安區青田街8巷12號
Address: 12, Lane 8, QingTian Street. Taipei 106, Taiwan 
電話Tel：02 2396 6606
Email：a963535816@gmail.com

金甲部隊 Full Metal Jacket

年份：1987
導演：Stanley Kubrick


Full Metal Jacket是大導演Stanley Kubrick 的經典戰爭片，主要講述美國海運陸戰隊跟越戰的電影。Full Metal Jacket是指外層包附一層金屬的子彈，片中的主角是綽號Joker 的海運陸戰隊新兵。

電影一開場就是這些新入伍士兵正被剃頭髮的場景。隨後，行事嚴格嘴巴惡毒的士官長就開始一連串的慘無人道、講話又不乾淨的訓話跟訓練，譬如將黑人新兵改名Snow Ball，又說訓練營沒有西瓜跟雞肉之類的種族歧視言論。在這種高壓管理控制下，oker還是很帶種不畏拳頭跟權力的敢跟士官長說真話。於是，士官長升Joke為小隊長，並將一名身材肥胖，總是傻笑、有點單純，還愛吃甜甜圈卻常常出包的新兵Lawrence(後來被改名Pyle，其由來是一部軍事喜劇 Gomer Pyle- USMC) 托付給Joker訓練照顧。士官長並以連坐的方式，來處罰Pyle的過錯，最後招致全連新兵都對Pyle不滿，並霸凌Pyle作為報復。自此之後，Pyle的眼神就改變了，他開始著迷於槍枝，並精進於此。結訓日的最後一晚，剛得知順利分發到軍事新聞單位的Joker正在巡邏，發現Pyle拿著槍裝填著子彈，精神不太穩定的一個人在廁所喊著口號。此舉驚動了全部隊，士官長進到廁所大聲訓斥Pyle，卻被一槍斃命，隨後Pyle也飲彈自殺，濺血在慘白的公共廁所間。

第二部分，就開始講述Joker被分發後，在越南發生的事情。Joker在美國軍事報“星條旗”擔任記者，仍不改其帶種的精神，在胸口別了一個和平徽章，卻諷刺地在頭盔上寫著“Born to Kill"，他跟長官說這是體現出人的二元性跟矛盾。後來，Joker被外派到前線，並巧遇之前訓練營的隊友Cowboy。

在一次推進的任務中，這個小隊走錯了方向，並遭到越共狙擊手的阻殺，傷亡慘重。最後發現，將這個小隊打得片體鱗傷的敵方，只是一名弱小的年輕女性。原本其他隊員想讓已經中彈抽搐卻還有一口氣死不了的年輕女越共自生自滅，但是Joker還是一槍解決她的生命，這是Joker的第一次殺人。最後，在大家唱著米老鼠進行曲的前進中結束了整部片。


前半部的重點，我覺得是Pyle的轉變。而後半最讓我感到值得一提的是，越南女性的這個角色(雖然那些為了討生活向美國大兵賣淫賺皮肉錢的女子跟最後恐怖的越共女狙擊手是不同的人)。在戰爭中，女性一向是被認為是弱者，所以美國軍人不殺平民女性跟小孩。而這些越南妓女，也利用身體最原始的本錢來討生活，不時地還要被美國大兵言語上嘲弄一番。但是最後，讓這些美國大兵們送上性命的也竟是這個弱小的女性。

另外，這部片雖然是講述美軍跟越戰,但是這部片其實是全程在英國拍攝的。越戰畫面都是在倫敦的Dockland。所以我在看這部片的時候，心裡想的其實是倫敦啊 XD

英倫怪咖 We Are The Freaks

年份：2013
導演：Justin Edgar



柴契爾剛結束她長達11年半的執政的90年代，在英格蘭的伯明罕，主角Jake是個有時會對著攝影機跟觀眾聊天又有點憤世忌俗的男孩，想申請獎學金進入大學實現作家夢。他心儀的Elinor是個拉大提琴的劍橋準音樂生，還有兩個朋友Parsons跟Chunks，南轅北轍的性格卻相同都是個麻煩。Parsons出身保守的中產階級，有個相當出身但也有點脫線的女友Clare，Parsons的父母總是要求他讀書考試，但是他總是脫離不了不及格的命運，想當樂團主唱的他，心目中的性幻想對象竟是柴契爾前首相。Chunks 則是過著有如脫韁野馬的生活，雖然富有的父母離異，但有著信託基金撐腰而過著奢華生活的他總是開著紅色的保時捷跑車在伯明翰市區狂飆，不然就是嗑藥找找樂子，這種不為什麼的態度，就是Chunks的生活圭臬。對了，Chunks喜歡桃莉巴頓。


這個週末，Chunks打算好好玩一下，找來Parsons幫他補充藥源，因為藥頭 Killer Colin是個不按牌理出牌的瘋子，而好聲好氣又有愛爾蘭血統的Parsons當然是不二人選。其後，Parsons又被逼供出他的秘密集會 ＿保守黨俱樂部派對。於是，Chunks 和Jake打算尾隨Parsons跟Clare混進這個跟他們格格不入的派對。三個人各自走向不同遭遇，Parsons跟女友燕好卻發生血光之災，Jake 跟他的女神開車出門去銳舞派對，Chunks為了討女生歡心做出了努力卻都是徒勞無功，甚至幾乎鬧出人命。
 

誠如片頭主角Jake所言，他討厭那些青春YA片，還有那些年輕主角的成長學習經歷。這些決定繼續升學、求職抑或是選擇什麼都不做的年輕人，經過了一個失控又莫名的夜晚，他們學到了得到了什麼？Jake 的升學夢已碎，又看到Elinor不為人知的另一面。Parsons雖然負傷，但是離開了高壓父母跟控制狂女友，展開了新生活。而Chunks重獲自由。也許我們太急於為人生找尋意義跟解答，也許是要證明自己跟他人的不同，也許是我們把人生想得太過美好繽紛。不管如何，就像片末那位性感女郎的嫣然一笑。我們總得再（自以為）看清人生過後，再去相信些什麼，繼續過生活吧。

黑眼圈 I Don't Want to Sleep Alone

年份：2006
導演：蔡明亮


這是我第一部蔡明亮的電影。背景是在馬來西亞的吉隆坡，講述一段多角戀情，片中李康生分飾兩角：植物人及流浪漢（剛開始我還以為這是倒序/插敘,，其實是不同的角色），流浪漢小康被洗劫毆打遺棄路邊，被抬著床墊的外籍工人搭救，在其中一個工人Norman細心照料下，流浪漢小康也慢慢康復了。而植物人小康則是由老闆僱傭的看護陳湘淇照顧。流浪漢小康算是殺手級的人物，工人Norman，看護陳湘淇以及老闆都跟他有愛慾關係。這部電影也是關於照顧、照護，像是陳湘淇看護著植物人，Norman和流浪漢小康之間的關係，很多關於身體的碰觸。對照電影中，人跟人之間的疏離，彼此間直接的碰觸，也許是種彌補跟反差。

這部片的對話不多，但是電影很多幕都有帶進背景音樂，像是街頭的馬來民謠，寶萊塢音樂，粵語歌曲，華文電台等等，呼應著時代背景、角色情境、族群文化等等，相當精巧。

另外，蔡明亮導演的畫面，雖然幾乎靜態的，同時也很細膩精準，不用太多的切換，就能說出故事。

映後，導演蔡明亮與影評人聞天祥談起這部片的背景，當時蔡明亮因為不滿金馬獎的評審制度，所以心情低落的出走台灣，最後選在家鄉馬來西亞拍了這部片。當時東南亞地區經濟蓬勃發展，開始興建商辦高樓，引進了很多外籍勞工，但最後經濟崩盤，這些工程就愕然停止，留下為數不少的被解約外籍勞工滯留本地，造成社會問題。所以在電影中，可以看到外勞們（就蔡明亮導演所言，陳湘淇也是外勞之一）跟這些已經停擺的建築工地。此外，還提到了當時馬來西亞的副首相安華，因性醜聞跟貪汙入獄，蔡明亮因看到報章雜誌上一張安華帶著已經破碎歪斜眼鏡的照片，便戲謔的將電影取作『黑眼圈』。對於電影對社會議題的描寫程度，他也表示『這些重點在生活中已看到，而非透過電影。人追求什麼，用社會邊緣人來探討對生命以及靈魂的意義。』

在這段沈潛的日子，蔡明亮導演同時醞釀三部電影的劇本和構想，分別是『你那邊幾點』『天邊一朵雲』跟此片『黑眼圈』。為什麼電影背景會選吉隆坡而非導演故鄉古晉呢？蔡明亮導演表示，他比較喜歡吉隆坡，因為是馬來西亞的首都，發展多，複雜又熱鬧，類似台北。所以造就了此片擁有多元族群的色彩與聲音。

另外，談到了選角，蔡明亮導演選用素人的精準也是眾所皆知，除了陳湘淇外，陸奕靜和李康生這兩位老班底，也都非演員出身。而此片的Norman，則是蔡明亮導演在路邊的早餐店所發掘，Norman以前在生活在森林裡，撿木材時還曾遇見老虎（！）說到如何發掘素人的潛質，蔡明亮導演說是直覺，也許任何人都可以演出，只要不怕攝影機、不怕表演，能讓鏡頭畫面變得好看就差不多了。 

最後，還談到他處理畫面的哲學跟方法，雖然總是單一畫面，但是有很多焦點以及故事在發生。蔡明亮導演說他是從不分鏡頭的，也不在劇本上畫三角形，他的電影是拍的是時間，處理時間和時間裡面的人和事。他說他的電影是關於人的獨處，是慢的。


時間，很多導演都在處理這個抓不到的東西，像是王家衛也是。我不知道我有沒有時間來思索時間這個問題。


映後座談詳細Ｑ＆Ａ

龍門客棧 Dragon Inn

年代：1967
導演：胡金銓


每年的10月27日的是世界影音遺產日(World Day for Audiovisual Heritage)，今年的活動是龍門客棧修復版的全台54家戲院聯映，其盈餘將會全數投入老電影的修復基金。這部武俠片有其歷史地位，當年上映時風靡臺灣，甚至香港東南亞等地票房均均告捷，開啟了武俠片的風潮 。還有改寫改編的相關作品，如徐克的『新龍門客棧』、以及電視劇跟電玩等等，不勝枚舉。另外，蔡明亮導演的電影『不散』（其英文譯名是 "Goodbye, Dragon Inn" ）裡，片中老舊的福和戲院正是播放著『龍門客棧』，這是蔡明亮對於胡金銓的致敬。


這部武俠片的背景是在明朝景泰八年，東廠與錦衣衛囂張橫行之際。故事大概描寫忠臣于謙被誣陷處以死刑，而他的家人被押解流放到邊疆。在押解的途中，東廠錦衣衛奉曹公公之命，欲直接截殺滅族。東廠錦衣衛搶先到達龍門客棧，想直接控制龍門客棧來等待押解人員及于謙家屬到達，並殺了附近的十二駐軍，以防後患。有反派東廠錦衣衛們跟曹公公，當然也有正義的俠士劍客出來解救，於是就展開了保衛于謙家屬的生死較量。


有幾個地方是我這個40年後的新觀眾覺得有趣的。首先，是這部片唯一的男女私情片段，蕭少鎡與朱小妹那說不出口卻又總是錯過的曖昧情愫，就只在這短短五分鐘裡，之後也完全沒著墨。第二，也是最重要的，這部片最後的大BOSS曹公公，在大家聯手圍攻下，由後來棄暗投明的韃靼兄弟送命砍下了曹公公的頭。這部片完全沒有一般武俠片中的濃厚英雄主義氣息(雖然之前蕭少鎡在客棧的表現相當的俐落了得)。說到韃靼兩兄弟，在片中原是東廠的人馬，加入蕭少鎡跟朱氏陣營後，就從雜魚變成戰勝邪惡的重要關鍵，難怪總是邪不勝正，同樣的人物放在不同立場，武力程度也不同啊。而曹公公的出場也是相當驚人，雖然其武力高強，但是體力是致命傷，所以當其幾乎要殲滅正義軍時，他的身體就開始不支了。觀眾可以由電影有點電音又帶點彈簧音的音效，來得知曹公公累了、恍神了。不過說真的，曹公公的氣色真好,膚質狀況看起來真的保養得也不錯！


也許，以現在的眼光來看，這些武打設定顯得不夠精彩，演員化裝有點詭異，眉宇發黑、臉塗太白。但究其內容意義而言，龍門客棧捨去了英雄俠士的個人吹捧，而注重於俠義精神與正義被實踐的大觀。對於現在的臺灣，這個官商勾結利益為重的時局，單純只是為了維護正義理想，而不顧得失的人們，也算是這年代的劍客俠士吧。

台北舊城 再見蓬萊町

再見蓬萊町 10月26日  導覽：葉倫會先生

集合地點,寧夏路街區,這一帶有個舊稱叫做『材寮』,顧名思義當時這邊為建材行聚集的地方,至今此區仍有不少建材/木材行林立。而此區的街燈設計也因此特別採用木頭作為素材,是台北市唯一。

此次導覽第一站為臺灣新文化運動紀念館, 前身為大同分局,在日治時代是臺北北警察署簡稱北署, 為臺北市定三級古蹟。建築內部還保存了日至時期的拘留室及水牢。另外,值得一提的是它採用了西洋柱式, 柱子上方均有花草圖樣。三樓為後來增建的空間, 現有治警事件九十週年的特展。

蔣渭水紀念公園,是臺灣第一座蔣渭水紀念物,原址是錦西公園。更早之前,這塊地原是木材行店家,在1975年經過祝融之災夷為平地後,就改建為錦西公園。原以為公園內建物為蔣渭水紀念館,但可惜只是個混歐風的牌樓而已。

興城街, 現為台北碩果僅存的『打鐵街』, 除了少見的打鐵店,小型車床加工廠之外,興城街上尚有承軸,馬達,彈簧專營商行。此區原為收舊貨的集散地,在臺灣早期物資缺乏時代,將零件從淘汰故障機械中拆下,重復利用。這些小小舊舊的店家,也為台灣早期的經濟奇蹟貢獻不少, 後期也跟其他傳統產業一樣慢慢沒落,但是台北市官方也注意到這一塊極具歷史與特色的區塊,想要復興活化這個空間,進行一連串的活動及討論,讓社會大眾及專業人士注意到此地的特殊性,維持興城街它的風貌。 更詳細的計劃,請按此。

接下來是間香燭紙料店家,是經營超過百年的老店,『陳財美』行創立於1896年。店內販售佛神祭祀用的相關物品。

最後一站是陳德星堂（還附設幼稚園）, 是臺北地區陳氏家族的祠堂。為臺北市定古蹟。起先,陳氏祠堂是位於總統府現址, 在日治時期, 因興建臺灣總督府,被迫搬遷。祠堂內有于右任 陳誠等人所題的匾額, 錫製大象雕塑等,還有『庸』跟『肅』的題字,來提醒陳氏子孫謹言慎行。外部則有講究精細的脊飾,雙龍柱,石獅等華美的裝飾。祠堂外的小庭院,還有迷你的防空洞跟一對石燈,相當精巧。

Architecture Zine - can you show me the space

"CAN YOU SHOW ME THE SPACE" is a series of zine focus on architecture.

there are 5 of them, each issue dealt with different topic, 1)Setting a setting; 2)Representation of relational spaces; 3) Mapping the Centre of Useless Splendour; 4) Architecture as extended social space 5) relational mapping tools.

Hannah Waldron

hannah waldron

The medium is the message

Marshall Mcluhan

Hot medium and cool medium,

A hot medium is one that extends one single sense in the "high definition". High definition is the state of being well filled with data. Hot media do not leave so much to be filled in or completed by the audience. Hot media are, therefore,  low in participation by the audience. Cool media are high in participation or completion by the audience.

Hot medium:  Radio, cinema, Photograph, Phonetic alphabet (拼音字母), Paper, Lecture.

Cool Medium: Telephone, TV (is it hotter with HD?), Cartoon, Hieroglyphic or ideogrammic writing (象形文字或表意文字 ), Stone, Seminar, You tube (?)   


*The cool medium like hieroglyphic or ideogrammic written characters has very different effects from the hot and explosive medium of the phonetic alphabet. The alphabet, when pushed to a high degree of abstract visual intensity, become typography. *



The medium is the message
Media are extensions of man
"The wheel...is an extension of the foot. The book is an extension of the eye... Clothing, an extension of the skin...Electric circuitry,an extension of the central nervous system". Whatever predominates media will influence human beings by affecting the way they perceive the world.
New media alter the ratios of our sense perceptions, changing the way we perceive the world. 


A new medium is never an addition to an old one, nor does it leave the old one in peace.
   
With print the eye speed up, and the voice quieted down.

oxford, here i come!

oxford university museum of natural history

in the early morning, even the sun doesn't come up, i already wake up and dress up for super early coach. (around 7:20!!!!) i feel a bit excited and sleepy on the way to oxford. while sleeping on the coach, i heard other passengers asking why today coach is so full?  because there are a huge amount of art/ design students with YOU LUCKY GUYS!    

when we arrive in oxford, the sun already fully rise. a beautiful nice sunny day, last day of this term!!!!
firstly, we have a lovely introduction with Adrian (?i kinda forgot his name :S), he shows snake skins and bird specimen to explain how miracle natural is. every biological structure has its function. and truly there are a great number of animal, planet, insect specimens, stones,and minerals, etc.

besides, the building is also stunning, with the elegance ceiling, the sunlight through the glass fall in. and each column with different leave, flower and fruit carving.
 

oxford university museurm of natural history

oxford university museum of natural history

oxford university museum of natural history

beautiful pattern

beautiful pattern

beautiful pattern

peacock feather

and afternoon, we go to another museum called pitt rivers, just behind oxford university museum of natural history. they share the main entrance.

pitt rivers is specialize at the archaeological and anthropological items, these exhibits are catagorised by their function. the total number of collections are 500,000! huge! and the space is simple, a rectangle (not sure is square or not), and 3 floors. compare with the oxford university museum of natural  history, the lighting is darker, the space is more crowded.  but the exhibits are amazing as well, no one can finish them in one's life. Peter said this place is famous, all artists and designers come here for endless inspirations. yes, i absolutely agree! you can see the item from various area from different era for distinct use.

pitt rivers museum

   

British Museum - Grayson Perry: The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman

Grayson Perry: The Tomb Of The Unknown Craftsman

Don't look too hard for meaning here.
i am not a historian, i am am artist. That is all.
When i was  young I had an imaginary civilisation.
I became an artist and my civilisation traded with the world and all its history.
Now i am not sure where my imagination stops and the world starts.
Deep in the mountains of my mind there is a scared place where is a monument to skill.
The tomb of the unknown craftsman is just as real as everything else in this museum,
the ideas and beliefs behind it and just as real.
You are real pilgrims.
That i am an artist and not a historian and this is an art exhibition does not mean it is  any less real.
Reality can be new as well as old, poetic as well as factual and funny as well as grimes.
The tomb of the unknown craftsman could be another name for the British museum.    

Kenilworth Am1

Kenilworth Am1

Kenilworth Am1

Grayson Perry, an English artist, famous on his beautiful ceramic vases and transvestite. i think this is the first time British Museum held a contemporary artist exhibition.

before you come in the show room, you would see an exaggerating and colourful motobike. Garyson and his pope Alan Measles rode this bike to Germany as a trip to gain famous of Alan Measles.

inside, there are many heritages, ancient items and of coure, Grayson Perry's work.  this exhibition is extremely thought provoking and clever. i almost write down every single word that Perry explained for his show.

there is another quotation i like, especially the bold words :

few civilisation spring up spontaneously or develop in isolation. culture borrow and adapt. i enjoy artefacts where this give and take in more obvious and dissonant. new religions try to recruit by using the sites and symbols of the belief system they are trying to replace. craftsmen make artefacts they think will appeal to visitors from abroad. sometimes they get it wrong in a charming way, creativity is often just mistakes. 

   

 everything in British museum is contemporary once.

we trust maps, maps are meant to be trustworthy diagram of reality. contains some very human bias. maps of feelings, beliefs, and the irrational.    

   

Postmodernism: style and subersion 1970-1990

what is postmodernism ? postmodernism is hard to be defined. postmodernism is a concept that is difficult to be given a conclusion precisely in theoretically, because the majority important postmodernism masters and theorists stand against any convention system and forms to defined postmodernism. postmodernism has influenced in various area, including religion, literary criticism, sociology, linguistics, architecture, history, anthropology, visual arts, and music.          

according  to Adrian Holme's note, postmodernism characterised by following features
1) in architecture - the interpenetration of the inside and the outside.
2) social and historical context - question over value of, or validity of the idea of , progress
3) collapse of ideologies- continued growth of mass culture, information networks
4) uncertainty
5) relativism
6) "end of history"(Fukuyama)
7) collapse of grand narrative (Jean- Francois Lyotard)
8) deferral of meaning (Derrida)
9) the decentered self (also found in modernism)
10) awareness of otherness (or "other") - other culture, gender, sexuality
11) concerns with language
12) playfulness
13) irony
14) plurality (of styles)
15) ornament and decoration
16) complexity and contrdiction
17) intertextuality - texts allude to cite or quote other texts- wide application of model of language
    ( structuralism and post-structuralism)
18) a questioning of the real - hyperreality, simulacra (Baudrillard)



in this exhibition, there are lots excited objects and works displayed. the postmodernism, this term is too broad and wide, so how to put the postmodernism statement into the exhibition and how to choose the displaying items to convey the message to the audience are hard work for the curators.  

the works are including : architecture, furniture design, houseware (almost countless teapot sets!!!), jewel design, fine art, fashion, music, published, graphic design, film and lot more.      

next few are what caught my eyes:

the other figure/ L'altura figura (Giulio Paolini) 1984

i thought this work is simple and thoughtful, also it seems narrative and dramatic, and looks better in the V&A .  
the label written " melancholy was one aspect pf the postmodernism regard for the past"

protect me from what i want (jenny Holzer)

 "Jenny Holzer, prompts critical reflection on desire, its causes and effects, and the whirlwind of commerce that surrounds it." these words were showed on the busiest area in the world- new york time square, this work really a thought provoking one, it raises a question about the consuming system. 

trolley, consumer's rest chair (Frank Schreiner)

also question about the consumerism.





butoh, the japanese dance, before i read the article written butoh is a reaction to the western ballet. butoh is dark, aslow and heavy, unlike the ballet always emphasize light and upward movement.

daivd byrne in big suit

joy division closer album sleeve ( Peter Saville)

 
 
and my most interested objects are the music relatives undoubtedly,  from cover sleeve of joy division and giant suit for david byrne, i fully enjoy in these selections, especially the perfect ending: new order's bizarre love triangle, such a beautiful, strong and memorable finish.

 
PS: i can't help to dance while i listening this song at the end of exhibition!

La Jetée

Year: 1962
Director: Chris Marker
Length: 28mins

Chris Marker is a french writer, photographer, artist, film essayist and- of course- film director. he was born in 1921. still alive.

Little is known on marker's early life. Most people known is that Alain Resnais brought Marker to film marking with three years collaboration, Before making film he was a journalist.

Majority film work of Christ Marker are documentary. And this film, La Jetee is one of his a few fiction film and also the famous one. La jetee is important key film of Left bank film movement.

So, what is Left Bank Film?

Left bank is a subgroup of the french new wave film movement, as a kind of intellectual, political, feminist, literary, aesthetic and avant- garde wing of new wave. the two groups aren't opposite, instead they are friends, cooperators and allies.

Left bank main members are: Alain Resnais, Chris Maker, Agnes Varda and Jacques Demy. 

And how about this film, and what is the story ?

La jetee is about time travelling, a science fiction film. It was constructed entirely by thousands  black and white still picture. the background set on the postwar and destroyed city -Paris, the main character is a prison who has a strong children time memory about a man be killed in the airport (la jetee), and he is sent to past, in the old times he meets a girl  and falls in love with her... he tries to escape from the present world, and is chased and shoot by the agent from present. Finally, he realise he is the man who be killed in his memory.

social and political issue:
you can say La Jetee is an anti-war film, because it shows the ruins of Paris. in this film.

contrast:
present- the post apocalyptic city, people only live in the dark underground, where is full of the white noise: like generator and radio wave sound.

past- before destroying, the upper ground world is sunshine and bright. the background sound is people, animal natural sound.       
     
museum/ gallery : survivors dwell in underground of Palais de Chaillot galleries. when the main role comes back to the past, he go to date a girl in the museum.

aesthetic:
Chris Marker is also known as photographer, that's easy to understand why he can take stunning pictures to compose this classic film, you can see almost all the still images are well-designed, like a poem.

Ways of Seeing / John Berger - Ch.1 reading notes

In the beginning of the article, the writer states that the ways of how we see is an act of choice, is affected by our belief and knowledge. We are always looking at the relation between things and ourselves, and what was relative to your position in time and space.

When an image is seen as a work of art, beholders may consider about its myth, authenticity, market value and also the assumptions of art, i.e. beauty, truth, genius, civilization, form, status, taste. However, these assumptions change their meanings time by time. That may cause the primal and first relation losing between the image and experience of beholders and lead to culture mystification of the past.

In the early Renaissance, the convention of perspective was established. This convention puts the eyes of the spectator in the centre of the visible world. In addition, it seems that the whole visible world is arranged for the spectator.

After the camera was invented, this concept was challenged, this invention proves and demonstrates the centre of the visible world is not exist. The meaning of seeing is changed, and that conversion was reflected in painting. Different views were depicted in the one piece of artwork.

The invention of camera also destroyed the uniqueness of work of art, and the paintings can be reproduced. Moreover, these reproductions are been given new meanings through the their different and new purposes and sequence of viewing.

Reproduction also be seen as kind of information, it travels and its meaning is also diversified.

The meaning of original work is no longer depended on what it says, but on what it is. Therefore, the original artwork maintains its own authority.

My own project- Last Twenties

theme: what people did in their 30.

i am in my late twenties, feel kinda confused and anxious about being nothing, try to know and collect what other people did in their 30, also practice my portait drawing skill.

William Burroughs, in his 30 (1944), began shared apartmant with Jack Kerouac, and started collaborated novel called "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks" .

 J. D. Salinger, in his 30 (1949), one of his early work "Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut" adapted into a film called "My Foolish Heart".

Jarvis Cocker, during his 30 (1993), he and other members of Pulp recorded their forth album" His 'n' Hers "